There are a total of three types of biotic symbioses: Mutualism, Parasitism, and Commensalism. Mutualism is the interaction between two or more organisms where both organisms can benefit from the interaction. An example of mutualism is a Clownfish and a Sea Anemone. The clownfish benefits the sea anemone by consuming parasites that may be on it and providing nutrients from its excrements.
Parasitism is the interaction between two species where only one benefits from the other organism and the other is harmed in return. The one that benefits from the other organism is called a parasite, while the organism that is being harmed is called a host. Kind of relationship Obligatory. They can be Obligatory or Facultative.
Kind of interaction Mutualism is a positive interaction. Commensalism is a positive interaction. Parasitism is a negative interaction. Benefits Both the species are dependent on each other for their benefits and survival. Here, only one species gets benefits, while the other has no effects.
In this relationship, only species get the benefits, while other is harmed. Example 1. A Sea Anemone and a Clownfish. Pollination by insects or other pollinators. Barnacles growing on whales. Climbers taking the support of trees to grow. Salps and Phronima. Cuscuta and the host plant. In this type of relationship, both the partner are mutually benefitted and involves two or numerous different species.
These are the mutualistic relationship that is due to nutrition, transport, shelter and defence. The mutualistic relationship is obligatory; this exhibit that both the species are dependent on each other for their survival. A mutualistic relationship is just to maintain the balance in the lifecycle. The various types of mutualism based on multiple factors are — Nutrition mutualism, Defense mutualism, Transport mutualism, and Shelter mutualism. The relationship of the flower and bees or pollinators, digestive bacteria and the human body, leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, coral reef and algae, are the few typical examples of the various mutualism.
Commensalism is the type of relationship, where one of the species gains nutrition and other benefits while the other host species is unaffected or unharmed. What is Parasitism 3. What is Mutualism 4. Similarities Between Parasitism and Mutualism 5.
Parasitism is a symbiotic association in which parasite lives in and on the host organisms and gains benefits at the expense of the host. Thus, parasitism exists between a parasite and a host. Parasite harms the host by damaging the host tissues and ultimately causing diseases or death of the host.
There are two types of parasitism as semi or partial-parasitism and total parasitism. Semi parasitism is a phenomenon the parasite obtains only water and mineral from the host by haustoria.
Loranthus is a good example of semi parasitism. In total parasitism, the parasite obtains organic food and mineral nutrients from the host plant. Cuscuta is a total parasite. Also, while semi-parasitic plants are green in color and are photosynthetic, total parasitic plants are not photosynthetic. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both parties benefit from each other.
There are many mutualistic interactions. One such mutual association is the mycorrhizae. It is an association between the roots of higher plants and a fungus. The fungus helps the plant to absorb water and minerals. A bacterium called Rhizobium resides in legume plant root nodules. Also, this is a symbiotic relationship.
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