While North-South integration seemed to have failed to lay the foundation for an equal partnership, the idea of establishing regional integration projects — and in the context of dependency theory, separating the periphery from the core — seems to be an alternative way to improve the standing of less developed countries in the global economic system, and to reduce their dependence on other world regions, and hence contribute to the elimination of global inequality.
Furthermore, it could help to attract foreign direct investment FDI , although it is contested to what extent developing countries are gaining benefits from FDI Sekhri , p. The focus on regional integration may be an attempt to separate the dependent relationship of the periphery from the core. Yet, regional integration in the South is generally less successful than in the North. Krapohl and Fink , p.
This also proves the important role of the Global North in the shaping of global inequalities, because their engagement can decide the positive or negative outcome of regional integration projects in the developing world.
One has to question whether distinguishing the world by providing such categorizations is useful for analyzing global inequalities. The end of the Cold War and the emergence of globalization and neoliberalism brought a number of changes in the international system.
Originally, dependency theorists argued that the ideal way to break out of the dependency trap and end global inequality is for the periphery to separate from the core, but the post-Cold War era led to further integration rather than separation.
This outcome ultimately proved that separation from the core countries was not a viable course for the countries on the periphery. Despite the effort of some countries to break free of dependency, one has to be aware that access to the benefits of globalization have been unevenly distributed, and has fostered global inequalities along the North-South divide. When considering the role of the capitalist system in the underdevelopment of the periphery, the global financial crisis of provides an opportunity to contemplate the relevance of dependency theory in explaining global inequalities.
Although the financial crisis did not adversely affect all economies of the Global South, in particular the economy of countries, which heavily rely on development aid, is conditioned by the development of the economy of the core countries. Also, oil-producing countries that are highly reliant to any change in the international oil and gas market are dependent on the development of the economy of the Global North, which proved to be evident in light of the financial crisis and led to a sharp decline in the price of crude oil.
However, as shown by the rise of the BRICs, it seems that the evolutions of some countries of the periphery into the semi-periphery and eventually into the core, do have an overall positive impact in increasing global equality. And so, one needs to be cautious when using the dependency theory as a generalizing approach, stating that any disturbance in the core countries will automatically lead to a negative effect on the development of the periphery as a whole.
Nonetheless, the financial crisis showed the constraints of the global capitalist system and questioned the strength of the neoliberal economic philosophy in contributing to more equality on a global scale, since neoliberal globalization can be credited not only for the decline of inequality among countries, but also for the rise of inequality within them. The examination of the North-South integration process, and the Cotonou Partnership Agreement in particular, revealed that developing countries are not equal and independent actors in a North-South partnership.
It seems that North-South integration failed in laying a more viable, fair and equal partnership between the developing and developed countries and arguably restricted and purposely took advantage of countries on the periphery. These developments paved the way for the idea of establishing and launching regional integration projects in the Global South. Yet, despite the efforts of successfully establishing regional integration projects in the Global South, the standing of less developed countries on the global economic stage was still characterized by dependence on the Global North.
This was due to persistent forms of dependency through trade relations, foreign direct investments and development aid. In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that the existence of shortcomings in dependency theory does not mean that the dependency approach cannot be used as a conceptual orientation to the global division of wealth.
Annan, K. Baffes, J. C: World Bank. Bourguignon, F. Amadi, L. Dos Santos, T. Frank, A. Herath, D. Kapoor, I. Kay, C. Krapohl, S. What are the main differences between modernization theory and dependency theory? Does the human development approach represent a radical departure from both? Modernization theory is a hypothesis used to clarify the procedure of modernization that a country experiences as it moves from a simple society to a modern one.
Dependency theory is the idea that assets spill out of a fringe of poor and immature states to a centre of rich states, enhancing the latter to the detriment of the former. These two theories contrast in that modernization theory clarifies how created states work and develop, whereas dependency theory outline how work and develop are restricted.
Modernization theory clarifies the advancement and improvement of innovation in more steady regions of the world Culp, Dependency theory looks at the impacts that modernization in one district has on different parts of the world. Dependency theory is more comprehensive than modernization theory. Modernization theory emphasises that instruction, innovation and broad communications are noteworthy reasons why created districts pull ahead from others.
Be that as it may, modernization theory does not operate on a worldwide scale where the assets, work and power originate to make this advancement conceivable. Media are the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. The term refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media, publishing, the news media, photography, cinema, broadcasting radio and television , digital media, and advertising.
Digital marketing uses both online and offline digital marketing methods to reach target audiences, while social media marketing is subject to online restrictions. Your digital media marketing activities may use various channels, such as mobile phone advertising, television, online advertising, SMS, and more.
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Ben Davis July 15, What are the main differences between modernization theory and dependency theory? Which is better modernization theory or dependency theory? Which theory do you think is more useful for explaining global inequality? What is an example of modernization theory?
Dependency Theory: Dependency theory emerged as a reaction to modernization theory. Dependency Theory: This highlights that the inequality in the world system where the developing countries are exploited refrain the countries from development.
Modernization Theory: This theory highlights that development is purely an internal factor based on various social processes, and the developing countries are still at a stage where they have not yet reached modernization. Her research interests are mainly in the fields of Sociology, Applied linguistics, Sociolinguistics, and Linguistic anthropology. She is currently employed as a lecturer.
Your email address will not be published. Dependency Theory. Comments nice portray and description. Well Narrated and described. Easy to understand.
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