If these findings are confirmed in other studies in other countries, it would suggest that radioactive iodine therapy may be less desirable in the long term as compared to antithyroid drugs or surgery. Hyperthyroidism: a condition where the thyroid gland is overactive and produces too much thyroid hormone.
Hyperthyroidism may be treated with antithyroid meds Methimazole, Propylthiouracil , radioactive iodine or surgery. It is caused by antibodies that attack the thyroid and turn it on. Radioactive iodine: this plays a valuable role in diagnosing and treating thyroid problems since it is taken up only by the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system.
It is located at the front of the neck just above where your collarbones meet. The gland makes the hormones that control the way every cell in the body uses energy. This process is called metabolism. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms.
Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:. If your thyroid is removed with surgery or destroyed with radioactive iodine, you must take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of your life. Medicines called beta-blockers may be prescribed to treat symptoms such as fast heart rate, tremor, sweating, and anxiety until the hyperthyroidism can be controlled.
Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease usually gets worse over time. It has many complications, some of which are severe and affect quality of life. Thyroid crisis storm is a sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms that may occur with infection or stress. Fever, decreased alertness, and abdominal pain may occur. People need to be treated in the hospital. Call your provider if you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Management of hyperthyroidism. Current Surgical Therapy.
Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Thyroid function testing. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; chap Editorial team. Hyperthyroidism Thyrotoxicosis; Overactive thyroid; Graves disease - hyperthyroidism; Thyroiditis - hyperthyroidism; Toxic goiter - hyperthyroidism; Thyroid nodules - hyperthyroidism; Thyroid hormone - hyperthyroidism.
Causes The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. Many diseases and conditions can cause hyperthyroidism, including: Graves disease most common cause of hyperthyroidism Inflammation thyroiditis of the thyroid due to viral infections, some medicines, or after pregnancy common Taking too much thyroid hormone common Noncancerous growths of the thyroid gland or pituitary gland rare Some tumors of the testes or ovaries rare Getting medical imaging tests with contrast dye that has iodine rare, and only if there is a problem with the thyroid Eating too much of foods that contain iodine very rare, and only if there is a problem with the thyroid.
Symptoms Common symptoms include: Anxiety Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Frequent bowel movements Goiter visibly enlarged thyroid gland or thyroid nodules Hair loss Hand tremor Heat intolerance Increased appetite Increased sweating Irregular menstrual periods in women Nail changes thickness or flaking Nervousness Pounding or racing heart beat palpitations Restlessness Sleep problems Weight loss or weight gain, in some cases Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Breast development in men Clammy skin Diarrhea Feeling faint when you raise your hands High blood pressure Itchy or irritated eyes Itchy skin Nausea and vomiting Protruding eyes exophthalmos Skin blushing or flushing Skin rash on the shins Weakness of the hips and shoulders.
Exams and Tests The health care provider will do a physical exam. The exam may find the following: High systolic blood pressure the first number in a blood pressure reading Increased heart rate Enlarged thyroid gland Shaking of the hands Swelling or inflammation around the eyes Very strong reflexes Skin, hair, and nail changes Blood tests are also ordered to measure your thyroid hormones TSH , T3, and T4.
You may also have blood tests to check: Cholesterol levels Glucose Specialized thyroid tests like Thyroid receptor antibody TRAb or Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin TSI Imaging tests of the thyroid may also be needed, including: Radioactive iodine uptake and scan Thyroid ultrasound rarely. Treatment Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms.
Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following: Antithyroid medicines propylthiouracil or methimazole which reduce or block the effects of the extra thyroid hormone Radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid gland and stop the excess production of hormones Surgery to remove the thyroid If your thyroid is removed with surgery or destroyed with radioactive iodine, you must take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of your life.
Outlook Prognosis Hyperthyroidism is treatable. Some causes may go away without treatment. Possible Complications Thyroid crisis storm is a sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms that may occur with infection or stress. Anti-thyroid medications: These drugs, such as methimazole Tapazole , keep the thyroid from making too much thyroid hormone.
After one or two years of treatment, thyroid function may normalize in some people and result in a long-term remission of Graves' disease. However, it's common for the thyroid to become overactive once again after the drug is stopped.
Therefore, these drugs may be used with, or followed by, another type of treatment. Radioactive iodine therapy:This treatment uses radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid's ability to make thyroid hormones. Almost everyone who receives this treatment, which is swallowed as a liquid, develops an underactive thyroid hypothyroidism which is treated by taking synthetic thyroid hormone for life to replace what the thyroid can no longer make on its own.
The radioactive iodine used for this therapy is considered a low-risk treatment for most adults. However, this therapy isn't used in pregnant women or in women who are breast-feeding. This therapy may also not be recommended in some patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy because studies have suggested that it could worsen this eye condition.
Surgery: With surgery, most or all of the thyroid gland is removed, and synthetic thyroid hormone typically must be taken for life. Surgery is a safe and effective treatment for Graves' disease if performed by a surgeon who is very experienced in the procedure.
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